It's time to enjoy this calm and relaxed trip of Zen Color. If you want to relax and find inner peace through coloring, head to Zen Color now! It is a good choice for unwinding and spending time! It is a delightful coloring game and a fun picture book that helps people to find the quiet moments in life.Ĭome and take a 10-minute break to discover inner peace, fulfillment, love, and happiness. Zen Color brings you a relaxing and peaceful coloring time in this fast-paced and noisy world~ * Outstanding app-using experience: leading app stability, excellent data security, and user-friendly interface. * Distinctive eye-friendly dark mode, bringing a more comfortable coloring experience at night. ![]() * Mandalas and geometric patterns help you find inner peace and harmony, allowing you to stay focused and fulfilled. * Discover paintings of natural landscapes, animals, cozy lifestyles, your favorite pets, and more in Zen Color. : Mindfulness Coloring Book For Adults: Zen Coloring Book For Mindful People Adult Coloring Book With Stress Relieving Designs Animals, Mandalas. For the moment, in this gallery, the coloring. The aim is to respect the colors used for the contours, for the inside of each zone. Their principal particularity is to have their contours already colored. As specified in the name, these coloring pages can make people 'Zen'. * A huge variety of content ensures you find the painting you like. Colorzen is a concept adapted by Leen Margot for adult coloring pages. * Each painting is carefully produced by famous artists worldwide, making every artwork one-of-a-kind with supreme quality. Soothing categories include Calm, Focus and Zen, Affection, Happiness, and much more. * Relieve anxiety with unique Flow Experiences of coloring process design. Leave your worries behind, loosen up, and unwind! * Immerse yourself in nature’s beauty and tranquility. * Soothe the mind with listening to 60bpm background music while coloring by numbers~ * Unique Zen-inspired content to help your mind focus and experience warmth and positive energy~ ![]() With every tap of the color number, Zen Color brings tranquility and relaxation to your fingertips. Zen Color invites you to color these realistic pictures, feel a natural atmosphere, and awaken the long-lost peace and beauty in your heart~ * You are in a Japanese Zen courtyard and feel relaxed and happy as you watch the steaming teapot by your side. Description: NEW DesignOriginals Color Zen Coloring Book. * You are enjoying a relaxing tea break on a lovely afternoon, and everything feels so tranquil and pleasant. Shop Kids DesignOriginals White Green Size Small Learning Toys at a discounted price at Poshmark. * You are having a cup of coffee in the morning, listening to the birds chirping around you, and watching the sunbeams shifting through trees. Open Zen Color anytime, anywhere, you can feel: Enjoy a relaxing, peaceful, and serene time in the Zen coloring world.įree yourself from the daily boredom and chaos. Dissipate worries, relieve stress, and relax your mind. I'd like to drag a color from a regular palette onto the custom palette or use the eyedropper to add a color to the custom palette.Zen Color is the world's first coloring game inspired by Zen and is dedicated to bringing you the best relaxing and calming experience. ****My dream feature: an empty palette (always in view) that I can customize with the colors I'm using. put the Eyedropper function on the main tool bar, not just in Advanced Color Selection. Color Zen Coloring Book: Perfectly Portable Pages by Valentina Harper 5.0 Paperback 4. Is there a way to Hide Lines while I'm coloring? I often design a mandala for white lines. ![]() I'd like to undo 20-30 actions, not just 9. Are there any keyboard commands? Especially for Undo. Allow users to go backward through the palettes, not just forward. The texture filters are wonderful & so is the Hide Lines function. ![]() PLEASE let me pay to keep the Daily Mandalas. And I can never go back to change anything. Sometimes a Daily Mandala disappears before I'm finished. I only want to color mandalas and I spend several hours on one of the beautiful intricate mandalas. I've had a lot of fun & I've learned a lot about color theory using this app. Love it but Daily Mandalas break my heart
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En Güzel Oyunları Oyna adresini ziyaret ederek en çok tercih edilen zeka oyunlarından, en çok sevilen araba yarışı …: Apps & Games WebOnline shopping from a great selection at Apps & Games Store. Online olarak oyun oynayabileceğiniz site içerisinde ki kategorilere ulaşabilir, hemen oyun oynamaya başlayabilirsiniz. OYUN SKOR Bütün Oyunlar | Ücretsiz Oyunlar WebOyun Skor içerisinde en çok tercih edilen popüler oyunlar ve birçok oyun kategorisi yer almaktadır. Monkey Mart Temple of Boom Rocket Soccer Derby Crazy Cars Fortz 12 MiniBattles G-Switch 3 Clash of Tanks Football Masters Combat Online Stick Defenders Soldier Legend Raft Wars 2. Tank Trouble oyununu ücretsiz oynayın ve eğlenin. TANK TROUBLE – Tank Trouble oyna Poki'da WebTank Trouble favori iki kişilik oyunlar 'mizden biridir. Brain Test: Tricky Puzzles Like a King Tribals.io YoHoHo.io Lines to Fill Brain Test 2: Tricky Stories Monkey Mart. Kogama: Crazy Parkour oyununu ücretsiz oynayın ve eğlenin! Bugün. Crazy Parkour favori macera oyunları 'mizden biridir. new New Premium game …KOGAMA: CRAZY PARKOUR – Kogama: Crazy Parkour oyna … WebYemek Oyunları Minecraft Oyunları Kaçış Oyunları Korkunç Oyunlar RPG Oyunlar Doktor Oyunlar. Help the monkey to get to his bananas and swing yourself through the palm leaves! Give it a try! Play Now. new New Premium game Monkey Bounce! 02/10/20. Grab your pickaxe and mine yourself to the highscore. HTML5 Games – full-service agency Famobi WebDig into crazy depths with this new action-loaded mining game. Snake.is MLG Edition Viking Village Cover Orange Apple Knight Fish Eat Fish Blumgi Rocket Tunnel Rush 2 Lines to Fill Nonogram Crazy Party Cover Orange: Journey Ninja.io Shape Fold Nature Truck Loader 3 Z-Raid Pick Up Associations Kız Oyunları Futbol Oyunları Iki. IDLE GAMES - Ücretsiz Oyunlar Oyna Poki'da WebMonkey Mart Barbershop Inc. Evde veya, yalnız veya arkadaşlarınla oynayabileceğin bir sürü mobil ve masaüstü oyun Poki’de! Çevrimiçi Oyunlar Poki’de - Hadi oynayalım WebEn iyi ücretsiz çevrimiçi oyunlar Poki’de. Our massive selection of games include some of the most played genres online, the most popular being racing games, puzzle games, action games, MMO games and many more, all guaranteed to keep you … new New Premium game …Games - Free Online Games at FOG.COM WebGames on publishes some of the highest quality games available online, all completely free to play. ![]() ![]() Kategori : Casino, poker, blackjack, rulet, slot makinesi oyunlarıĬrazy Monkey Online Oyunlar HTML5 Games – full-service agency Famobi WebDig into crazy depths with this new action-loaded mining game.Ödül Kazanın : Crazy Monkey Online Oyunlar.Güncellenmiş: CASINO, POKER, BLACKJACK, RULET, SLOT MAKINESIĬasino, Poker, Blackjack, Rulet, Slot Makinesi Crazy Monkey online oyunlar Crazy Monkey Online Oyunlar - Crazy Monkey bonus 2921 tl ![]() Try to use a soil mix which stores moisture in it. You could use equipment like humidifiers to maintain the right level of humidity. ![]() Let them get sufficient sunlight, but make sure they get it indirect and not direct light though. Hence you could keep a water tray at the bottom so that the soil will be moist. If you could identify the bug attack early, you can simply wipe it off with a cotton swab coated in rubbing alcohol.īesides that, if your plant was suffering from under watering or if you have exposed it to direct bright sunlight, consequently, pests like spider mite and scale could invade your plant. On the other hand, the width could be 16-20 inch’. ![]() Once it reaches its mature size, height can be in the range of 3-6 inch. How to care Ric Rac Cactus Botanical Name Cryptocereus anthonyanus Common Name Fishbone cactus, Zig Zag cactus Plant Type Cactus Mature Size Height will be 3-6 inch and the width could be 16-20 inch Sun Exposure Bright sunlight / indirect Soil Type Porous soil Soil pH 6.1 to 6.5 Bloom Time March or April Flower Color pink, yellow, white colors Hardiness Zones USDA Cold Hardiness zones 10B,11,12 Native Area In Mexico Toxicity Non Toxic to pets / Humans They could further cascade from the containers too. Then you can look at its sze and they would be one foot in length. If the stem grows up in a zigzag way it definitely is a Ric Rac cactus. Let me explain to you how I identify Rick Rack cactus. 5 FAQ How do I identify a Ric Rac cactus?.3 How do you propagate a Ric Rac cactus?. There are a couple other websites I like that work better with Paprika also. Cook'n does not recognize the ATK recipes as being in the correct format so I have to do a lot of copy and paste. I'm a big America's Test Kitchen fan and Paprika loads recipes from their site with one click. and all the pictures! I've also had better luck with the web import feature. Everything comes through - notes, sources, etc. You can only load 50 recipes on the trial version but I had one file that only had 25 so I tried with that file and love how close they look to the Living Cookbook format. I have only loaded the free trial so far as I was trying to give Cook'n support time to work things out. Paprika on the other hand seems to work great. And my biggest cookbook won't load at all. Others say they are loading but then there are zero recipes in the cookbook. The FDX files via LivingCookbookRescue do not import all the time - I got one cookbook to load but the photos haven't yet. But I'm still having issue getting my Living Cookbook recipes to import. I really wanted Cook'n to work for me - it has lots of bells and whistles like scanning in printed recipes from a photo. Some of you may remember me as Chef Jon in the Living Cookbook user forums. Living Cookbook Rescue can be downloaded here: If you know anyone with trapped recipes, please spread the word. The User Guide has an email address to connect with me to see if older versions can be added (I'll need volunteer recipe backup data from those older versions). Living Cookbook 2015, 20 are only supported right now because those are the only working versions I have on any of my systems. The installer puts both utilities on your system along with a User Guide. If you don't have a backup file, but your data is still in your Living Cookbook installation, there is a second utility program (FakeLCBackup) which looks for your data files and creates an *.lcb file usable as input. A combined Word document has a table of contents. The program gives you the option of producing a single, combined file with all your recipes, combined files grouped by cookbook, or individual files, one file per recipe. I have written a free utility called Living Cookbook Rescue which can read one of your Living Cookbook 2015, 2013 or 2011 backup files (*.lcb) and then export:įiles in Living Cookbook's native export format (*.fdx), which can be imported into other recipe software.Ī nicely-formatted Microsoft Word document. But I see posts in cooking forums where hard drives fail, or computers are replaced, and folks can't get their software to work anymore because of license key issues. We know Radium Technologies has stopped supporting the software for a few years now. ![]() I've become aware that there are still Living Cookbook users who have their recipes trapped in the software. As always when installing software from unknown sources, please use care and take precautions before installing. HOST'S NOTE: The eG Forums are allowing this post by new member jtemplin as a service to our members, but we have not vetted the software itself. PM'ed and an old copy of lcsetup40.exe provided to test. If you have this release, or one of the others mentioned in the Paprika note above, please contact me. I'm hoping the 2013 version (lcsetup40.exe) can read the database. The 2008 version 2008 (lcsetup30.exe) cannot read the database of the 2015 version. ![]() Anyone know how to get around this? Or anyone want to lend me their CD key and Unlock Key to see if it'll work on my computer? I have the option to manually activate but after I enter my CD key I get a prompt asking for an Unlock Key, which I don't have and have never had. I also have 2015 (lcsetup50.exe) and I can't get either one of them to successfully register because it can't reach the Living Cookbook registration server. I have Living Cookbook 2008 and the file is called lcsetup20.exe. ![]() If you have this release, or one of the others mentioned in the Paprika note above, please contact me.įYI, I think lcsetup30.exe is Living Cookbook 2011. The 2008 version 2008 (lcsetup30.exe ) cannot read the database of the 2015 version. If you are having trouble importing a file from Living Cookbook, please try generating an export file using an older version (v5.0.76 or earlier) or their pre-release version (v5.0.89). Note: We've noticed that recent versions of Living Cookbook 2015 (v5.0.85) are creating broken export files that cannot be read past the first recipe. The Paprika menu manager web site () recommends using a prior version of Living Cookbook to create these files: ![]() Unfortunately, the export function in v 5.0.85 does not create properly formatted fdx or fdxz export files. I'm looking for a version of Living Cookbook earlier than v 5.0.85. ![]() When we put the sandbag in the front loaded position and hinge, the weight is above your center of gravity. Thus, your center of gravity is lower and your body is more stable (more weight closer to the ground). The weight is close to the knees so there is more weight in your lower body. When doing a sandbag deadlift, the bag is hanging down against your shins with your arms extended. When we change the location of the load, we are changing the demand on the core. In our program, we progress the location of the load (sandbag, kettlebell) to change the intensity of the movement by placing more weight above your center of gravity. Keeping your core strong and tight can help keep your center of gravity centrally located within your body. They are left walking on twigs that can’t support the mass of their upper body. It sounds counter-intuitive to strength train upper AND lower body, but believe me there are people out there that only train their upper body. ![]() Because the center of gravity is your balance point between the upper and lower body, you want to strength train both upper and lower body. Proper strength training can help your balance when the location of your center of gravity shifts. Changes in the location of your center of gravity can affect your balance and stability. Someone who does a lot of upper body weight training and less lower body will have a higher center of gravity. When you walk and use your arms (part of your upper body), your weight is distributed a little differently so the center of gravity moves. Similarly, if someone has a slumped over posture, the center of gravity is now outside of their body. If a woman is pregnant, her middle extends outward thus her center of gravity moves forward. Remembering that the center of gravity is the balance point between the upper and lower body, if either of those variables change, the center of gravity changes. However, this point can move with changes in posture and body weight. For a man, it is slightly above the belly button. Typically, this is just below the belly button and half way between the lower back and belly when a woman is standing upright. It’s the point at which your upper and lower body weight is balanced. Your center of gravity is the balance point in your body. It’s not that we just moved it to your upper body, which we did, but the reason is because it’s above your center of gravity. sandbag, kettlebell) position to the upper body, I’ve moved it above the center of gravity and made it more difficult. Knowing how your body works allows me to design exercise programs and progress them so your body will be the best it can be. The more I know and understand about bodies, the better Coach I will be. Strange, I know – especially since bodies are my life! Anyhow, center of gravity – did YOU think of outer space? LOL! Ok, for real – are my shenanigans too much right now?īecause bodies are my life, I know a lot about them. For some reason when I hear the words “center of gravity”, I always think of outer space. ![]() These cover facts about the game which is quite common for loading screens but they also cover some fun facts about dictators I'm sure you know and love. The game takes place in many eras with each adding their own unique challenge to the game.Ī fun little addition to the loading screens for Tropico 6 is the addition of the ‘did you know?’ facts. ![]() Tropico 6 follows your character El Presidente as they strive to be the best dictator ever and transform the island nation of Tropico into a superpower. Why, you ask? Your guess is as good as mine! Story / Personality ![]() You can tap on the side quest menus and toggle on-screen information however for clicking on buildings, you need to use the cursor that's controlled via the joysticks. The Switch version of Tropico 6 features touchscreen controls, an exclusive console feature that is reminiscent of the PC version or rather, almost. Also, please consider supporting us on Patreon so that we can continue to do what we love doing. I spent most of the game playing at x4 speed and I still felt myself wishing that the game would move even faster.Įnjoying our Tropico 6 Switch review so far? Don’t forget to like us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter for more Nintendo Switch content. You can either run it at x1, x2 or x4 speed but that still doesn’t help how slow Tropico 6 feels. can you ever just be whelmed?Īs a construction and management simulator, you can speed up time. It’s an odd feeling to be both overwhelmed and underwhelmed at the same time. Without them, you are unable to proceed and when you are being attacked by pirates whilst simultaneously going bankrupt, the game doesn't clearly explain how to properly handle the situations and you are simply left waiting for the ships to come in. There were times when I just found myself sitting around waiting for things to happen as there are many times throughout the game when I would be waiting for the ships to come in as they bring currency and resources. I found that the gameplay can feel quite slow. ![]() This can be slightly confusing and infuriating when you start out but once you get a few hours in, it begins to make more sense. If you don’t, you will get lost or you’ll end up in way too much debt… trust me.Įven though I have played similar games in the past, I needed to use the tutorial levels as there were moments where I had to find an edict or building that I just couldn't for the life of me. In saying that though, even if you're familiar with the genre, I 100% recommend playing through all of the tutorial levels. Tropico 6 follows the typical style of the construction and management simulator. I can finally realise my dream of becoming the dictator of a small Caribbean island nation and watch as my loyal subjects make my beautiful nation into an international power. We're partnered with Skillshare, where you can do unlimited online courses that'll help you create art, make games, and even help you with school/university! Click here for a free 1 month trial.įinally! Tropico 6 the political, construction and management simulator has come to the Nintendo Switch a year after being released on other consoles. ![]() ![]() Since the 2010s, it has seen a revival with the likes of Mac DeMarco, Alex G and Courtney Barnett. The genre saw its height in the 1990s with popular artists like Beck. Taking influence from 1980s lo-fi bands like Beat Happening and Tall Dwarfs, slacker rock was pioneered by indie rock acts including Sebadoh, Pavement, Sparklehorse and Guided By Voices, among others. Listen online to Big R Radio - Classic Rock 100.5 MHz FM for free great choice for Seattle, United States. A celebration of Super stars who rocked the halftime show, featuring 2023 headliner Rihanna Greatest Love Songs of All A thousand of the very best Pop, Oldies, Country, and Soul Love Songs of all time This Is Music: 1995 Its been nearly three decades since these tracks ruled the airwaves and MTV. ![]() Continue listening to your favorite stations anytime, anywhere. The image of the genre is that of a cool laziness or mellow swagger which came as a result from artists in the genre wanted to detached themselves from the "sellout" culture of other rock genres. Classic rock on slacker takes you back to the golden era of rock Classic Rock Metal Web San Diego - California, United States - English Suggest an update Get the live Radio Widget Simple Radio, our free iOS and Android app. Slacker rock is closely related to " slacker" culture that arose in the 1980s and 1990s with Generation X and can be seen in the way the music is composed with less emphasis on playing certain notes correctly, having slightly out of tune instruments, and having lyrics be sung in a form that was more relaxed similar to the slacker style. Listen live 113. The term typically refers to a style that is more laid back and relaxed when compared to regular and contemporary rock in order to make it more "authentic" when compared to other rock. Slacker Studio is an extension of our core beliefs here at Slacker. Listen online to 113.FM The Eagle (Classic Rock) radio station for free great choice for Los Angeles, United States. Slacker rock is a loosely defined genre of rock music and lo-fi music that originated in the United States in the late 1980s and early 1990s. ![]() Our Custom Service is gladly at your complete disposal for letting you have accurate information on the feasibility of the shipment according to the type of the goods to be sent, as well as for the filling in of the customs documentation. ![]() Go to Compiling the customs documents to read in detail how to fill in correctly the customs documents, so to avoid problems during the transport.īefore each shipment, we always recommend consulting the customs regulations of the country of destination and remember the sovereign nature and the decision-making power of each customs regarding the clearance of each shipment. Also, in this case, the document shipments of is the ideal solution. Harry and Meghans relationship with the royals has never been worse. Often, some documents should reach the customs authorities in original format and, many times, are not shipped together with the sent goods. The "Gift" type shipment is allowed only for some destinations.Ī particular role belongs to the document shipments, ad this one does not involve customs clearance unlike shipments containing goods inside. The customs taxes cannot therefore be anticipated and in the calculation of them the total value of the goods indicated on the accompanying proforma/commercial naturally affects also. The quotations seen on are therefore always free of duties and custom duties in import, bureaucratic and administrative fees or broker fees where needed. ![]() While customs clearance in the export phase is handled between the custom of the country of departing and the sender, for the clearance in import, the receiver must collaborate with the customs concerned. Generally, customs clearance for export and import is needed, for shipments from and to extra UE countries or for European states that are subject to customs controls. Also, Spain - Canary Islands is subject to customs regulations. ![]() The rejuvenating benefits of green light therapy can help to improve pigmentation issues that have come from causes such as sun damage. It can improve the function of alternating use of cells and oxygen and activate the micro-circulation function of body surface which helps with skin discoloration. Green light- discoloration treatment- between red light and blue light is suitable for mixed skin. The mild wave length is suitable for surrounding eyes and forehead. Heating can improve blood circulation and collagen albumen hyperplasia to reduce wrinkles and make skin more elastic and smooth. Red light- Wrinkle reducer- penetrating 8-10mm is suitable for any type of skin it can reach derma to stimulate fiber cells. * Restore your natural current and get rid of saggy skin. * Reduce the appearance of fine lines & wrinkles. It is is a pain-free, non-invasive, soothing and rejuvenating skin treatment. As you continue to use the device, the light penetrates on a deeper level to work on deeper wrinkles and discoloration. Almost instantly the texture of your skin is improved. The light-based part of the treatment gently warms the top layer of your skin to target the most visible fine lines and enlarged pores. 77% reported their face looked more toned.80% reported their skin felt smoother and. ![]() 85% of people from the study, experience improved facial contour.The microcurrent therapy included the following results: ![]() Microcurrent Therapyĭemonstrates a significant improvement in facial contour, skin tone and wrinkle reduction after 60 days of use of the 2face time keeper. The micro-current therapy mimics the natural current and goes beyond skin deep to tone facial muscles to reduce fine lines an wrinkles. With age, our natural current begins to slow down, leading to sagging skin and wrinkles. Why settle for only half the skin benefits, when you can achieve twice the immediate results in 5 minutes or less? Using Time Keeper will i mprove facial contour and skin tone, reduce wrinkles to give you a more radiant, younger looking appearance. It is a Dual solution that pairs LED-light based treatment along with micro-current therapy which emits pulsating currents of electricity on the cellular level. To treat signs of aging and skin problems. Total vent cross-section area <</a> 25cm2/m of nominal length,40 Foot Ventilated Container, Passive vents at upper part of cargo space.Time Keeper is a revolutionary device that combined LED & MICRO-CURRENT FACIAL TONING THERAPY Total vent cross-section area < 25cm2/m of nominal lengthĢ0 Foot Ventilated Container, Passive vents at upper part of cargo space. LUMINANRG PALMNRG NUMIERE,LUMINANRG PALMNRG NUMIEREĤ0 Foot Ventilated Container, Passive vents at upper part of cargo space. Total vent cross-section area < 25cm2/m of nominal length
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UPCORE MINI MASSAGER AROMAO 2 PALM NRG MASSAGER LUMINANRG BODY MASSAGER MASSAGE PADS PO# 220408060 THIS SHIPMENT CONTAINS NO SOLID WOOD PACKING MATERIALS CFS/CFS LUMINANRG MASSAGER WITH ACCESSORIES PALM NRG ABS NRG AROMAO 2 NUMIERE TIME KEEPER PLUS MASSAGER WITH ACCESSORIES H.S: 9019101000 LUMINANRG MINI LOOPER PALM NRG ABS NRG AROMAO 2 NUMIERE TIME KEEPER PLUS MASSAGER WITH ACCESSORIES MASSAGER PADS MASSAGE GEL LUMINA BODY DEVICE NUMIERE BODY LUMINANRG MASSAGER H.S: 90191, 01000ĮLECTRIC HOME USE EYE MASSAGER 36 PALLETS=36 PACKAGES THIS SHIPMENT CONTAINS NO SOLID WOOD PACKING MATERIALS ![]() We determined the structure and chromosomal distribution of the PK genes, as well as made predictions on the subcellular localization of the putative PK proteins. Here, we report on the identification and in silico characterization of 954 putative woodland strawberry PK genes, which were categorized into nine groups and 124 gene families based on the kinase domain. Some woodland strawberry PK genes have been characterized and shown to be involved in abiotic and biotic stress responses including MAPKs, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase (LRR-RLK), and calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK). With both genomic and transcriptomic data available, comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic studies are possible. The genome of the woodland strawberry is ~ 240 Mb in size with seven pairs of chromosomes (2 n = 2 x = 14). As one of the progenitors of the cultivated octoploid strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa, it serves as a model for this economically important species. Woodland strawberry ( Fragaria vesca Rosacea) is one of the most widely distributed indigenous species in the northern hemisphere. ![]() Subsequently, Lehti-shiu and Shiu defined the PKs from 25 plant species in nine groups and 115 families, including group PKA-PKG-PKC (AGC), calcium- and calmodulin-regulated kinase (CAMK), casein kinase 1 (CK1), cyclin-dependent kinases (CMGC), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), glycogen synthase kinases and cyclin-dependent like kinases, sterility (STE), tyrosine kinase-like kinases (TKL), receptor-like kinase (RLK), plant-specific and finally other, a group of kinases that could not be classified easily into the previous groups. Using this criterion, Hanks and Hunter classified the entire PK superfamily into nine groups. Based on the conservation and phylogenetic analysis of this catalytic domain, plant kinome is divided into five major groups. Protein kinases all share a common catalytic domain, comprised of about 230–280 amino acids. Notably, these kinomes are a rich resource for conducting comparative analyses to predict putative functions and to understand the evolutionary dynamics of PK genes in plant species. In the pineapple genome, the kinome contains 758 PK members, whereas in soybean there are over 2000, twice the number of Arabidopsis. The number of PK genes can vary widely between plant species. For example, in humans, PKs only account for 1.7% of the coding sequence whereas in Arabidopsis and rice, they account for ~ 4 and 5%, respectively. In general, PK gene families are bigger in plant genomes than in those of animals. In Arabidopsis thaliana, there are more than 1000 PKs, collectively called a kinome, and many PKs in other plant species have been reported, including soybean, tobacco, cotton and rice. The first plant protein kinases to be identified and characterized were from Pisum sativum in 1973. ![]() They play important roles in various signaling pathways via phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine amino acids in target proteins. Protein kinases ( PK) are a large and widely distributed protein superfamily found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and comprise one of the largest and most conserved protein gene super-families in plants. The findings of this research expand the understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of PK genes in plant species and provide a potential link between cell signaling pathways and pathogen attack. Finally, 109 PKs, mostly the receptor-like kinases (RLKs), were found transcriptionally responsive to Botrytis cinerea infection. The GO enrichment and transcriptome analysis implicates the involvement of strawberry PK genes in multiple biological processes and molecular functions in differential tissues, especially in pollens. Moreover, we found that tandem and transposed duplicated PK gene pairs had undergone stronger diversifying selection and evolved relatively faster than WGD genes. The expansion of the woodland strawberry PK gene family occurred via different duplication mechanisms and tandem duplicates occurred relatively late as compared to other duplication types. Almost half of the putative PKs were predicted to localize to the nucleus and 24.6% were predicted to localize to the cell membrane. These genes were distributed unevenly among the seven chromosomes, and the number of introns per gene varied from 0 to 47. Here, we report on the identification and classification of 954 Fragaria vesca PK genes, which were classified into nine groups and 124 gene families. Despite their importance, the woodland strawberry ( Fragaria vesca) kinome and expression patterns of PK genes remain to be characterized. Protein kinases ( PKs) play an important role in signaling cascades and are one of the largest and most conserved protein super families in plants. |